Martin and Baker (1980) examined the issue from a different perspective.However, verbs that can't be used with ‘that’ include: When Smith and Sampson (1989, p.98) contended that this position was untenable, they were….Mahoney (1998, pp.10–12) established that this reaction is in fact….Many of the verbs in this table are used with the conjunction 'that'. You can use reporting verbs in the present tense or past tense, as long as you're consistent throughout your assignment. If you're not sure about the meaning of any of the verbs in this table, consider using a dictionary like the Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary to check the word's usage. It's your responsibility to report others’ work accurately in your assignments. These verbs aren't always interchangeable so make sure you read your resource carefully and understand the author’s claims before you choose a verb. This table shows reporting verbs for citing others. Malley (1998, p.26) found that study skills are increasingly used by Higher Education institutions. In the following case, we've used the verb 'to find': Whenever you decide to use a citation you'll need a reporting verb to introduce it to your text. This also applies if you paraphrase or summarise what someone else has written. You can use direct quotes of others' work if you acknowledge the source and use a citation. You'll need to cite and reference resources you've read in your academic writing.

How to insert a citation in an essay